Ultralow-loss silicon waveguide crossing using Bloch modes in index-engineered cascaded multimode-interference couplers

We investigate the loss mechanism in three-moded multimode-interference couplers that are the building blocks of a compact and low-loss waveguide crossing structure. Broadband silicon waveguide crossing arrays with <0.01  dB<0.01  dB insertion loss per crossing are proposed using cascaded multimode-interference couplers, where lateral subwavelength nanostructures are used to reduce the insertions loss. We design and fabricate a 101×101101×101 waveguide crossing array with a pitch of 3.08 μm. Insertion loss of ∼0.02  dB∼0.02  dB per crossing and crosstalk <−40  dB<−40  dB at 1550 nm operating wavelength and a broad transmission spectrum ranging from 1520 to 1610 nm are experimentally demonstrated.

• https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.38.003608